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V. E. NELSON. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED r53. 29. $912.

Patented Aug. 15, 1916.

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W /& ATTORNEY.

UNITED STATES PATENT FFIOE.

VICTOR E. NELSON, 015 DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR OF FOBTY-NINE ONE-HUNDREDTI-IS TO ALFRED T. HARROW, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed February 29, 1912.

To all 10 ham it may concern:

Be it known that I, VICTOR E. NELSON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Detroit, county of IVayne, State of Michigan, have inventeda certain new and useful Improvement in Internal-Combustion Engines, anddeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of thesame, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertainsto make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines, more particularlyto that type of engine in which the explosive charge is introduced intoa chamber and compressed prior to its introduction to the explosionchamber, of which the two-cycle engine is an example, and an object ofthe invention is an engine in which the explosive mixture entering thecompression chamber contains at all times a substantially uniformpercentage of explosive fluid and in which the throttling of the chargetakes place between the compression chamber and the explosion chamber,instead of prior to its entrance to the compression chamber as is theusual practice, whereby the carbureter or other source of supply of saidmixture is practically un-alterable as to the volume it is capable ofsupplying.

A further object of the invention is the provision of means whereby thecharge in the compression chamber is maintained in a uniform gaseousstate.

In throttling the charge prior to its entrance into the compressionchamber, the percentage of gasolene or other volatile oil in the mixtureis altered so that the charge is either richer or poorer as the case maybe. In such cases it is the usual practice to so adjust the carbureteror mixing valve that the percentage of gasolene in the charge, when thecarbureter is in the full-open position, is such as to produce the bestresults attainable with the particular engine experimented with. Ifinferior results, as less speed and power, be desired the chargeentering the compression chamber is lessened and usually a poorermixture produced.

In the invention herein disclosed, the carbureter is not provided with athrottle but Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 15, 1916.

Serial N0.680,633.

is otherwise of an ordinary type and provided with the usual means foraltering the volume of flow of gasolene by which the percentage thereofrequired in the mixture to produce the most efiective explosion may beprovided and in throttling the engine more or less of such effectivecharge is admitted to the explosion chamber thus approximating theresults attained in steam engines as the mixture in the compressionchamber, at the time of its introduction into the explosion chamber, isalways under like pressure as hereinafter shown.

In connection with the above described arrangement, means areprovided-for maintaining the charge in the compression chamber in auniform gaseous state whereby condensation of the charge in said chamberwith its attendant difliculties is obviated.

These and further objects and novelties of the invention are hereinaftermore fully described and claimed.

In the drawings-Figure 1 is a vertical section of an engine embodying myinvention. Fig. 2 is a detail of the throttle valve. Fig. 8 is a detailof a modification of the invention.

, Similar characters refer to similar parts throughout the drawings andspecification.

The engine shown is of the two-cycle type and the cylinder 1 is providedwith an inlet port 2 and an exhaust port 3 of the usual form. IVithinthe cylinder is a piston l arranged to reciprocate therein the movementof which opens and closes said ports and the lower end of the cylinderis open to the compression chamber 5 as is also usual in this type. -Thechamber 5 is in communication with the inlet port of the cylinderthrough and by means of the passageway G and the flow of gastherethrough is controlled by the throttlevalve 7. The chamber 5 is alsoprovided with a port 8 with which a carbureter 9 is to be connected. Thecarbureter may be of any; approved form but is not, to

be provided with the usual throttle valve but is to be provided withmeans for adjusting the quantity of gasolene supplied to the air passagein order that the proper mixture may be provided under variousatmospheric conditions. The passageway 10 between the carbureter and thechamber 5 is provided with an automatic check valve 11 so arranged as toopen during the time the charge is being drawn into the chamber and toclose during the time the charge is being compressed as is usual in thistype of engine.

It has heretofore been the practice, in engines of this type to throttlethe charge as it enters the compression chamber, the end sought beingincreased or decreased speed and power as occasion demands in theoperation of the engine. The desired results have not beensatisfactorily attained due principally to the fact that the gaseousmixture condenses to a greater or less extent in the compression chamberand succeeding charges entering the explosion chamber are too rich ingasolene causing mis-firing, etc, even when the inflowing charge isthrottled down to the minimum. To overcome this diiiiculty, I haveprovided the compression chamber with a chambered plate 12 and by meansof the pipe 13 connecting the water jacket let near the upper end of thecylinder with the chamber in the plate, the plate becomes heated andsuch vapor as may condense on the walls of the chamber flows by gravityon to the hot plate and is again immediately vaporized. The charge inthe compression chamber is, therefore, continuously in a uniform gaseousstate during the operation of the engine. Also, in throttling the chargeas it enters the chamber, a further difliculty is involved resulting inan engine that is deficient in operation. If the charge flowing into thecompression chamber is throt tled down to a minimum, in the usualmanner, it is evident that the chamber will not be so completely filledwith the explosive mixture as would be the case if the throttle werefully open. The pressure in said chamber during the compression of themixture will therefore not be as great as it would if the chamber wascompletely filled. To illustrate, if the pressure in the chamber be tenpounds per square inch when the engine is running with the throttlefully open, it frequently happens that less than three pounds per squareinch is produced when the charge is throttled to a minimum orthereabout. It is, therefore, believed evident that a uniform unvaryingresult in the throttling of the engine is impossible under suchconditions as the pressure of the charge is never uniform.

In the engine herein shown, no throttling of the charge may take placeprior to or during its entrance into the compression chamber and thechamber is therefore always uniformly filled by each infiowing chargeand the pressure produced in the chamber is always uniform. The chargethat enters the chamber always contains a substantially uniformpercentage of gasolene such as is required to produce the most effectiveresult when exploded in the cylinder and to produce those varyingconditions in the operation of the engine, such as increased ordecreased speed and power as the occasion demands, more or less of thisuniform effective charge is allowed to enter the explosion chamberthrough and by means of the throttle valve 7. It therefore becomesevident that, with the described arrangement of the various parts, auniform dependable result may always be attained with the throttle setat any predetermined point and that the principal difficultiesheretofore encountered in the operation of engines of the type describedare obviated.

lVhile the throttle valve may be of any approved form, I prefer to usethe valve shown which consists of a cone shaped seat located in theopening leading to the port 2 and provided with a number of aperturescorresponding to the apertures 21 in the cone shaped valve member 22, asshown in Fig. 2. Opposite the port 2 the cylinder wall is provided witha threaded opening 23 through which the valve may be inserted whenassembling the parts and said opening is closed by a nut 24: through anaperture in which the stem 25 of the valve projects. A packing nut 26 isprovided for the stem and the projecting end thereof is provided with anoperating lever 27 by which it may be rotated on its seat and theapertures therein closed or opened as may be required in the operationof the engine. The stem is also provided with a coiled spring 28 and acollar 29. The collar is loose on the stem and engages the inner face ofthe nut 2% which compresses the spring and yieldingly holds the valve onits seat.

The water chamber 1% surrounding the cylinder may be supplied from anyconvenient source and in the manner usual with combustion engines andthe pipe 13 is connected to that part of the chamber 1% con tainingwater of the highest degree of temperature in order that the plate 12may be kept hot for the purpose stated. The pipe 13 enters the chamberin the plate 12 by an upwardly extending part 15 and the outlet from thesaid chamber is formed in like manner thereby trapping a portion of thewater in the chamber. It is also to be understood that the plate or thewalls of the compression chamber 5 may be heated by the exhaust gasesfrom the cylinder, as shown in Fig. 3, without departing from the spiritof this invention, the essential characteristic of this portion of theinvention being a means for maintaining the charge in the compressionchamber in a gaseous state by means of heat.

Having thus described my invention and its mode of operation, what Iclaim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1.In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder provided with inlet andexhaust ports, a piston therein, a chamber into which the explosivemixture is introduced, a source of supply of said mixture un-alterablein the volume it is capable of supplying and arranged to drain intosaid'chamber, means for maintaining the mixture in the chamber in agaseous state, a passageway connecting said chamber with the inlet portof the cylinder, and a valve controlling said passageway.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder provided with inlet andexhaust ports, a piston therein, a chamber into which the explosivemixture is introduced, a source of supply of said mixture un-alterablein the volume it is capable of supplying and arranged to drain into saidchamber, means for maintaining the mixture in the chamber in a gaseousstate, means whereby the mixture may be introduced into the explosionchamber, and means for altering the volume of mixture so introduced.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder provided with inlet andexhaust ports, a piston therein adapted to open and close said ports, acompression chamber into which the explosive mixture is introduced bythe movement of the piston, a source of supply of said mixturesubstantially unalterable in the volume it is capable of supplying andarranged to drain into said chamber, a passageway between thecompression chamber and said inlet port, a valve controlling saidpassageway, means for maintaining the mixture in a gaseous state in thecompression chamber.

4:. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder provided with inlet andexhaust ports, a reciprocating piston therein, a chamber into which theexplosive mixture is alternately introduced and compressed by themovement of the piston, said movement of the piston also opening andclosing the ports in the cylinder, means for maintaining the mixture inthe chamber in a gaseous state, means whereby the mixture may beintroduced into the explosion chamber, means for altering the volume ofmixture so introduced, and means whereby the pressure of the mixture atthe time of said introduction is always uniform.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder provided with inlet andexhaust ports, a piston therein, a. chamber, means for supplying thechamber with a uniform gaseous mixture, means for maintaining themixture in the chamber in a gaseous state,

means whereby the explosive mixture may be introduced into the explosionchamber, means for altering the volume of the mixture so introduced, andmeans whereby the pressure of the mixture at the time of saidintroduction is always uniform.

6. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder provided with inlet andexhaust ports, a reciprocating piston therein adapted to open and closesaid ports, a chamber open to said cylinder within which the explosivemixture is alternately introduced and compressed by the movement of thepiston, means whereby the pressure produced by said compression movementis always uniform, a passageway connecting said chamber and the inletport of the cylinder, a valve controlling the passageway, and means forheating the chamber.

7 In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder provided with inlet andexhaust ports, a reciprocating piston therein adapted to open and closesaid ports, a chamber open to said cylinder within which the explosivemixture is alternately introduced and compressed by the movement of thepiston, a source of supply of said mixture practically fixed as to thevolume of the mixture it is capable of supplying and arranged to draininto said chamber, means for applying heat to said chamber, a passagewayconnecting the chamber and the inlet port, and a valve controlling thepassageway; said valve comprising an apertured Y cone-shaped seat, acorrespondingly apertured cone-shaped valve head, and means foryieldingly holding the valve head on its seat.

8. In an internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type, a compressionchamber, means for supplying the-compression chamber with an explosivemixture practically uniform in volume and percentage of explosive fluid,means for vaporizing condensed mixture in the chamber, said meanscomprising a chambered plate forming the bottom wall of the chamber andmeans for introducing heated fluid thereinto, a passageway bet-ween thecompression chamber and the inlet port of the cylinder, and a throttlevalve controlling said passageway.

In testimony whereof, I sign this specification in the presence of twowitnesses.

VICTOR E. NELSON.

I/Vitnesses:

ALFRED T. HARRoW, Ones. E. l/VIsNER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe "Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

